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This page is under active development.
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Import, Export, and Conversion
Read and Write Image Data from Files
| [ | | Read image from graphics file |
| [ | | Write image to graphics file |
| [ | | Information about graphics file |
| [ | | Read metadata from National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF) file |
| [ | | Read image from NITF file |
| [ | | Read metadata from DPX file |
| [ | | Read DPX image |
| [ | | Read metadata from header file of Analyze 7.5 data set |
| [ | | Read image data from image file of Analyze 7.5 data set |
| [ | | Read metadata from Interfile file |
| [ | | Read images in Interfile format |
Read and Write Image Data from DICOM Files
| [ | | Anonymize DICOM file |
| [ | | Get or set active DICOM data dictionary |
| [ | | Display DICOM file structure |
| [ | | Read metadata from DICOM message |
| [ | | Find attribute in DICOM data dictionary |
| [ | | Read DICOM image |
| [ | | Generate DICOM unique identifier |
| [ | | Write images as DICOM files |
High Dynamic Range Images
| [ | | Read high dynamic range (HDR) image |
| [ | | Write Radiance high dynamic range (HDR) image file |
| [ | | Create high dynamic range image |
| [ | | Render high dynamic range image for viewing |
Large Image Files
| [ | | Interface for image I/O |
| [ | | Check if file is R-Set |
| [ | | Open R-Set file |
| [ | | Create reduced resolution data set from image file |
Image Type Conversion
| [ | | Convert grayscale or binary image to indexed image |
| [ | | Convert indexed image to grayscale image |
| [ | | Convert matrix to grayscale image |
| [ | | Convert RGB image or colormap to grayscale |
| [ | | Convert indexed image to RGB image |
| [ | | Convert label matrix into RGB image |
| [ | | Convert Bayer pattern encoded image to truecolor image |
| [ | | Binarize image by thresholding |
| [ | | Quantize image using specified quantization levels and output values |
| [ | | Multilevel image thresholds using Otsu's method |
| [ | | Adaptive image threshold using local first-order statistics |
| [ | | Global histogram threshold using Otsu's method |
| [ | | Global image threshold using Otsu's method |
| [ | | Convert grayscale image to indexed image using multilevel thresholding |
| [ | | Convert image to double precision |
| [ | | Convert image to 16-bit signed integers |
| [ | | Convert image to Java buffered image |
| [ | | Convert image to single precision |
| [ | | Convert image to 16-bit unsigned integers |
| [ | | Convert image to 8-bit unsigned integers |
Color
| [ | | Convert RGB to CIE 1976 L*a*b* |
| [ | | Convert RGB color values to NTSC color space |
| [ | | Convert RGB to CIE 1931 XYZ |
| [ | | Convert RGB color values to YCbCr color space |
| [ | | Convert CIE 1976 L*a*b* to RGB |
| [ | | Convert CIE 1976 L*a*b* to CIE 1931 XYZ |
| [ | | Convert CIE 1931 XYZ to CIE 1976 L*a*b* |
| [ | | Convert CIE 1931 XYZ to RGB |
| [ | | Convert YCbCr color values to RGB color space |
| [ | | Convert NTSC values to RGB color space |
| [ | | Convert L*a*b* data to double |
| [ | | Convert L*a*b* data to uint16 |
| [ | | Convert L*a*b* data to uint8 |
| [ | | Convert XYZ color values to double |
| [ | | Convert XYZ color values to uint16 |
| [ | | Search for ICC profiles |
| [ | | Read ICC profile |
| [ | | Find system default ICC profile repository |
| [ | | Write ICC color profile to disk file |
| [ | | True for valid ICC color profile |
| [ | | Create color transformation structure |
| [ | | Apply device-independent color space transformation |
| [ | | Approximate indexed image by reducing number of colors |
| [ | | Display 3-D color gamut as point cloud in specified color space |
| [ | | XYZ color values of standard illuminants |
Synthetic Images
| [ | | Create checkerboard image |
| [ | | Create head phantom image |
| [ | | Add noise to image |
Display and Exploration
Basic Display
| [ | | Display image |
| [ | | Display multiple image frames as rectangular montage |
| [ | | Make movie from multiframe image |
| [ | | Play movies, videos, or image sequences |
| [ | | Display image as texture-mapped surface |
| [ | | Get values of Image Processing Toolbox preferences |
| [ | | Display Image Processing Toolbox Preferences dialog box |
| [ | | Set Image Processing Toolbox preferences or display valid values |
Interactive Exploration with the Image Viewer App
| [ | | Image Viewer app |
| [ | | Image Information tool |
| [ | | Adjust Contrast tool |
| [ | | Display Range tool |
| [ | | Distance tool |
| [ | | Pixel Information tool |
| [ | | Pixel Information tool without text label |
| [ | | Pixel Region tool |
| [ | | Magnification box for scroll panel |
| [ | | Overview tool for image displayed in scroll panel |
| [ | | Get values of Image Processing Toolbox preferences |
| [ | | Display Image Processing Toolbox Preferences dialog box |
| [ | | Set Image Processing Toolbox preferences or display valid values |
Build Interactive Tools
| [ | | Image Information tool |
| [ | | Choose Colormap tool |
| [ | | Adjust Contrast tool |
| [ | | Crop image |
| [ | | Display Range tool |
| [ | | Distance tool |
| [ | | Pixel Information tool |
| [ | | Pixel Information tool without text label |
| [ | | Pixel Region tool |
| [ | | Pixel Region tool panel |
| [ | | Magnification box for scroll panel |
| [ | | Overview tool for image displayed in scroll panel |
| [ | | Overview tool panel for image displayed in scroll panel |
| [ | | Save Image Tool |
| [ | | Scroll panel for interactive image navigation |
| [ | | Create draggable ellipse |
| [ | | Create draggable freehand region |
| [ | | Create draggable, resizable line |
| [ | | Create draggable point |
| [ | | Create draggable, resizable polygon |
| [ | | Create draggable rectangle |
| [ | | Region-of-interest (ROI) base class |
| [ | | Select polyline with mouse |
| [ | | Specify points with mouse |
| [ | | Specify rectangle with mouse |
| [ | | Image data from axes |
| [ | | Image model object from image object |
| [ | | Image Model object |
| [ | | Convert axes coordinates to pixel coordinates |
| [ | | Information about image attributes |
| [ | | Get current axes containing image |
| [ | | Get current figure containing image |
| [ | | Display Open Image dialog box |
| [ | | Get all image objects |
| [ | | Add function handle to callback list |
| [ | | Check validity of handle |
| [ | | Get Application Programmer Interface (API) for handle |
| [ | | Retrieve pointer behavior from graphics object |
| [ | | Directories containing IPT and MATLAB icons |
| [ | | Create pointer manager in figure |
| [ | | Delete function handle from callback list |
| [ | | Store pointer behavior structure in graphics object |
| [ | | Align figure windows |
| [ | | Create rectangularly bounded drag constraint function |
| [ | | Adjust display size of image |
Geometric Transformation, Spatial Referencing, and Image Registration
Geometric Transformations
| [ | | Crop image |
| [ | | Resize image |
| [ | | Rotate image |
| [ | | Translate image |
| [ | | Image pyramid reduction and expansion |
| [ | | Apply geometric transformation to image |
| [ | | Fit geometric transformation to control point pairs |
| [ | | Apply 2-D spatial transformation to image |
| [ | | Find output bounds for spatial transformation |
| [ | | Flip input and output roles of TFORM structure |
| [ | | Create resampling structure |
| [ | | Create spatial transformation structure (TFORM) |
| [ | | Apply spatial transformation to N-D array |
| [ | | Apply forward spatial transformation |
| [ | | Apply inverse spatial transformation |
| [ | | Create checkerboard image |
| [ | | 2-D Affine Geometric Transformation |
| [ | | 3-D Affine Geometric Transformation |
| [ | | 2-D Projective Geometric Transformation |
| [ | | 2-D piecewise linear geometric transformation |
| [ | | 2-D Polynomial Geometric Transformation |
| [ | | 2-D Local Weighted Mean Geometric Transformation |
Spatial Referencing
| [ | | Apply geometric transformation to image |
| [ | | Intensity-based image registration |
| [ | | Estimate geometric transformation that aligns two 2-D or 3-D images |
| [ | | Display image |
| [ | | Compare differences between images |
| [ | | Composite of two images |
| [ | | Reference 2-D image to world coordinates |
| [ | | Reference 3-D image to world coordinates |
Automatic Registration
| [ | | Intensity-based image registration |
| [ | | Configurations for intensity-based registration |
| [ | | Estimate geometric transformation that aligns two 2-D or 3-D images |
| [ | | Estimates geometric transformation that aligns two 2-D images using phase correlation |
| [ | | Estimate displacement field that aligns two 2-D or 3-D images |
| [ | | Composite of two images |
| [ | | Compare differences between images |
| [ | | Mattes mutual information metric configuration object |
| [ | | Mean square error metric configuration object |
| [ | | Regular step gradient descent optimizer configuration object |
| [ | | One-plus-one evolutionary optimizer configuration object |
Control Point Registration
| [ | | Control Point Selection Tool |
| [ | | Fit geometric transformation to control point pairs |
| [ | | Tune control-point locations using cross correlation |
| [ | | Convert CPSTRUCT to valid pairs of control points |
| [ | | Normalized 2-D cross-correlation |
| [ | | Infer spatial transformation from control point pairs |
Image Enhancement
Contrast Adjustment
| [ | | Adjust image intensity values or colormap |
| [ | | Adjust Contrast tool |
| [ | | Sharpen image using unsharp masking |
| [ | | Fast Local Laplacian Filtering of images |
| [ | | Edge-aware local contrast manipulation of images |
| [ | | Render HDR image for viewing while enhancing local contrast |
| [ | | Enhance contrast using histogram equalization |
| [ | | Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) |
| [ | | Adjust histogram of image to match N-bin histogram of reference image |
| [ | | Apply decorrelation stretch to multichannel image |
| [ | | Find limits to contrast stretch image |
| [ | | Convert integer values using lookup table |
| [ | | Add noise to image |
Image Filtering
| [ | | N-D filtering of multidimensional images |
| [ | | 2-D Gaussian filtering of images |
| [ | | 3-D Gaussian filtering of 3-D images |
| [ | | Create predefined 2-D filter |
| [ | | Guided filtering of images |
| [ | | Normalized 2-D cross-correlation |
| [ | | 2-D adaptive noise-removal filtering |
| [ | | 2-D median filtering |
| [ | | 3-D median filtering |
| [ | | 2-D order-statistic filtering |
| [ | | Local standard deviation of image |
| [ | | Local range of image |
| [ | | Local entropy of grayscale image |
| [ | | General sliding-neighborhood operations |
| [ | | Create Gabor filter or Gabor filter bank |
| [ | | Apply Gabor filter or set of filters to 2-D image |
| [ | | 2-D box filtering of images |
| [ | | 3-D box filtering of 3-D images |
| [ | | Calculate integral image |
| [ | | Calculate 3-D integral image |
| [ | | 2-D box filtering of integral images |
| [ | | 3-D box filtering of 3-D integral images |
| [ | | Extract objects from binary image by size |
| [ | | Extract objects from binary image using properties |
| [ | | Pad array |
| [ | | 2-D frequency response |
| [ | | 2-D FIR filter using frequency sampling |
| [ | | 2-D FIR filter using frequency transformation |
| [ | | 2-D FIR filter using 1-D window method |
| [ | | 2-D FIR filter using 2-D window method |
| [ | | 2-D convolution matrix |
Morphological Operations
| [ | | Binary hit-miss operation |
| [ | | Morphological operations on binary images |
| [ | | Ultimate erosion |
| [ | | Remove small objects from binary image |
| [ | | Bottom-hat filtering |
| [ | | Suppress light structures connected to image border |
| [ | | Morphologically close image |
| [ | | Dilate image |
| [ | | Erode image |
| [ | | Extended-maxima transform |
| [ | | Extended-minima transform |
| [ | | Fill image regions and holes |
| [ | | H-maxima transform |
| [ | | H-minima transform |
| [ | | Impose minima |
| [ | | Morphologically open image |
| [ | | Morphological reconstruction |
| [ | | Regional maxima |
| [ | | Regional minima |
| [ | | Top-hat filtering |
| [ | | Watershed transform |
| [ | | Create connectivity array |
| [ | | Check validity of connectivity argument |
| [ | | Neighborhood operations on binary images using lookup tables |
| [ | | Nonlinear filtering using lookup tables |
| [ | | Create lookup table for use with bwlookup |
| [ | | Morphological structuring element |
| [ | | Morphological offset structuring element |
Deblurring
| [ | | Deblur image using blind deconvolution |
| [ | | Deblur image using Lucy-Richardson method |
| [ | | Deblur image using regularized filter |
| [ | | Deblur image using Wiener filter |
| [ | | Taper discontinuities along image edges |
| [ | | Convert optical transfer function to point-spread function |
| [ | | Convert point-spread function to optical transfer function |
| [ | | Pad array |
ROI-Based Processing
| [ | | Specify polygonal region of interest (ROI) |
| [ | | Convert region of interest (ROI) polygon to region mask |
| [ | | Fill in specified regions in image using inward interpolation |
| [ | | Select region of interest (ROI) based on color |
| [ | | Filter region of interest (ROI) in image |
| [ | | Create draggable ellipse |
| [ | | Create draggable freehand region |
| [ | | Create draggable, resizable polygon |
| [ | | Create draggable rectangle |
| [ | | Region-of-interest (ROI) base class |
Neighborhood and Block Processing
| [ | | Interface for image I/O |
| [ | | Distinct block processing for image |
| [ | | Determine optimal block size for block processing |
| [ | | General sliding-neighborhood operations |
| [ | | Rearrange matrix columns into blocks |
| [ | | Columnwise neighborhood operations |
| [ | | Rearrange image blocks into columns |
Image Arithmetic
| [ | | Absolute difference of two images |
| [ | | Add two images or add constant to image |
| [ | | Linear combination of color channels |
| [ | | Complement image |
| [ | | Divide one image into another or divide image by constant |
| [ | | Linear combination of images |
| [ | | Multiply two images or multiply image by constant |
| [ | | Subtract one image from another or subtract constant from image |
Image Analysis
Object Analysis
| [ | | Trace region boundaries in binary image |
| [ | | Trace object in binary image |
| [ | | Plot region boundaries |
| [ | | Find edges in intensity image |
| [ | | Find circles using circular Hough transform |
| [ | | Create circle |
| [ | | Gradient magnitude and direction of an image |
| [ | | Directional gradients of an image |
| [ | | Find 3-D gradient magnitude and direction of images |
| [ | | Find the directional gradients of a 3-D image |
| [ | | Hough transform |
| [ | | Extract line segments based on Hough transform |
| [ | | Identify peaks in Hough transform |
| [ | | Quadtree decomposition |
| [ | | Block values in quadtree decomposition |
| [ | | Set block values in quadtree decomposition |
Region and Image Properties
| [ | | Measure properties of image regions |
| [ | | Area of objects in binary image |
| [ | | Extract objects from binary image by size |
| [ | | Find connected components in binary image |
| [ | | Generate convex hull image from binary image |
| [ | | Distance transform of binary image |
| [ | | Geodesic distance transform of binary image |
| [ | | Euler number of binary image |
| [ | | Find perimeter of objects in binary image |
| [ | | Extract objects from binary image using properties |
| [ | | Select objects in binary image |
| [ | | Gray-weighted distance transform of grayscale image |
| [ | | Create contour plot of image data |
| [ | | Histogram of image data |
| [ | | Pixel color values |
| [ | | Pixel-value cross-sections along line segments |
| [ | | 2-D correlation coefficient |
| [ | | Average or mean of matrix elements |
| [ | | Standard deviation of matrix elements |
| [ | | Label connected components in 2-D binary image |
| [ | | Label connected components in binary image |
| [ | | Create label matrix from bwconncomp structure |
| [ | | Pack binary image |
| [ | | Unpack binary image |
Texture Analysis
| [ | | Entropy of grayscale image |
| [ | | Local entropy of grayscale image |
| [ | | Local range of image |
| [ | | Local standard deviation of image |
| [ | | Create gray-level co-occurrence matrix from image |
| [ | | Properties of gray-level co-occurrence matrix |
Image Quality
| [ | | Mean-squared error |
| [ | | Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) |
| [ | | Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) for measuring image quality |
Image Segmentation
| [ | | Segment image into foreground and background using active contour |
| [ | | Binary image segmentation using Fast Marching Method |
| [ | | Segment image into two or three regions using geodesic distance-based color segmentation |
| [ | | Calculate weights for image pixels based on image gradient |
| [ | | Calculate weights for image pixels based on grayscale intensity difference |
| [ | | Select contiguous image region with similar gray values |
| [ | | Global image threshold using Otsu's method |
| [ | | Multilevel image thresholds using Otsu's method |
| [ | | Global histogram threshold using Otsu's method |
| [ | | Adaptive image threshold using local first-order statistics |
| [ | | Find region boundaries of segmentation |
| [ | | 2-D superpixel oversegmentation of images |
| [ | | 3-D superpixel oversegmentation of 3-D image |
| [ | | Burn binary mask into 2-D image |
| [ | | Convert label matrix to cell array of linear indices |
Image Transforms
| [ | | Distance transform of binary image |
| [ | | Geodesic distance transform of binary image |
| [ | | Gray-weighted distance transform of grayscale image |
| [ | | Hough transform |
| [ | | 2-D discrete cosine transform |
| [ | | Discrete cosine transform matrix |
| [ | | Convert fan-beam projections to parallel-beam |
| [ | | Fan-beam transform |
| [ | | 2-D inverse discrete cosine transform |
| [ | | Inverse fan-beam transform |
| [ | | Inverse Radon transform |
| [ | | Convert parallel-beam projections to fan-beam |
| [ | | Radon transform |
| [ | | 2-D fast Fourier transform |
| [ | | Shift zero-frequency component to center of spectrum |
| [ | | 2-D inverse fast Fourier transform |
| [ | | Inverse FFT shift |
3D Volumetric Image Processing
| [ | | 3-D box filtering of 3-D images |
| [ | | 3-D Gaussian filtering of 3-D images |
| [ | | Find 3-D gradient magnitude and direction of images |
| [ | | Estimate displacement field that aligns two 2-D or 3-D images |
| [ | | 3-D box filtering of 3-D integral images |
| [ | | Calculate 3-D integral image |
| [ | | 3-D median filtering |
| [ | | 3-D superpixel oversegmentation of 3-D image |
| [ | | Reference 3-D image to world coordinates |
| [ | | 3-D Affine Geometric Transformation |
Code Generation
| [ | | Adaptive image threshold using local first-order statistics |
| [ | | Find region boundaries of segmentation |
| [ | | Remove small objects from binary image |
| [ | | Trace region boundaries in binary image |
| [ | | Find connected components in binary image |
| [ | | Distance transform of binary image |
| [ | | Euler number of binary image |
| [ | | Label connected components in 2-D binary image |
| [ | | Nonlinear filtering using lookup tables |
| [ | | Morphological operations on binary images |
| [ | | Pack binary image |
| [ | | Find perimeter of objects in binary image |
| [ | | Select objects in binary image |
| [ | | Trace object in binary image |
| [ | | Unpack binary image |
| [ | | Create connectivity array |
| [ | | Convert Bayer pattern encoded image to truecolor image |
| [ | | Find edges in intensity image |
| [ | | Fit geometric transformation to control point pairs |
| [ | | Create predefined 2-D filter |
| [ | | Default display range of image based on its class |
| [ | | Select contiguous image region with similar gray values |
| [ | | Enhance contrast using histogram equalization |
| [ | | Hough transform |
| [ | | Extract line segments based on Hough transform |
| [ | | Identify peaks in Hough transform |
| [ | | Convert HSV colormap to RGB colormap |
| [ | | Convert image to double precision |
| [ | | Convert image to 16-bit signed integers |
| [ | | Convert image to single precision |
| [ | | Convert image to 16-bit unsigned integers |
| [ | | Convert image to 8-bit unsigned integers |
| [ | | Absolute difference of two images |
| [ | | Adjust image intensity values or colormap |
| [ | | Binarize image by thresholding |
| [ | | Bottom-hat filtering |
| [ | | 2-D box filtering of images |
| [ | | Suppress light structures connected to image border |
| [ | | Morphologically close image |
| [ | | Complement image |
| [ | | Crop image |
| [ | | Dilate image |
| [ | | Erode image |
| [ | | Extended-maxima transform |
| [ | | Extended-minima transform |
| [ | | Fill image regions and holes |
| [ | | N-D filtering of multidimensional images |
| [ | | Find circles using circular Hough transform |
| [ | | Apply Gabor filter or set of filters to 2-D image |
| [ | | 2-D Gaussian filtering of images |
| [ | | Find 3-D gradient magnitude and direction of images |
| [ | | Find the directional gradients of a 3-D image |
| [ | | Histogram of image data |
| [ | | H-maxima transform |
| [ | | H-minima transform |
| [ | | Linear combination of images |
| [ | | Mean-squared error |
| [ | | Morphologically open image |
| [ | | Burn binary mask into 2-D image |
| [ | | Image pyramid reduction and expansion |
| [ | | Quantize image using specified quantization levels and output values |
| [ | | Read image from graphics file |
| [ | | Morphological reconstruction |
| [ | | Regional maxima |
| [ | | Regional minima |
| [ | | Resize image |
| [ | | Rotate image |
| [ | | Top-hat filtering |
| [ | | Translate image |
| [ | | Apply geometric transformation to image |
| [ | | 2-D box filtering of integral images |
| [ | | Calculate integral image |
| [ | | Convert integer values using lookup table |
| [ | | Check validity of colormap |
| [ | | Check validity of connectivity argument |
| [ | | Convert CIE 1976 L*a*b* to RGB |
| [ | | Convert label matrix into RGB image |
| [ | | Convert label matrix to cell array of linear indices |
| [ | | Average or mean of matrix elements |
| [ | | 2-D median filtering |
| [ | | Multilevel image thresholds using Otsu's method |
| [ | | 2-D order-statistic filtering |
| [ | | Global histogram threshold using Otsu's method |
| [ | | Pad array |
| [ | | Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) |
| [ | | Measure properties of image regions |
| [ | | Convert RGB image or colormap to grayscale |
| [ | | Convert RGB colormap to HSV colormap |
| [ | | Convert RGB to CIE 1976 L*a*b* |
| [ | | Convert RGB color values to YCbCr color space |
| [ | | Find limits to contrast stretch image |
| [ | | 2-D superpixel oversegmentation of images |
| [ | | 3-D superpixel oversegmentation of 3-D image |
| [ | | Watershed transform |
| [ | | Convert YCbCr color values to RGB color space |
| [ | | Reference 2-D image to world coordinates |
| [ | | Reference 3-D image to world coordinates |
| [ | | 2-D Affine Geometric Transformation |
| [ | | 2-D Projective Geometric Transformation |
| [ | | Morphological structuring element |
| [ | | Morphological offset structuring element |
GPU Computing
| [ | | Distance transform of binary image |
| [ | | Label connected components in 2-D binary image |
| [ | | Nonlinear filtering using lookup tables |
| [ | | Morphological operations on binary images |
| [ | | 2-D correlation coefficient |
| [ | | Find edges in intensity image |
| [ | | Enhance contrast using histogram equalization |
| [ | | Convert image to double precision |
| [ | | Convert image to single precision |
| [ | | Convert image to 8-bit unsigned integers |
| [ | | Convert image to 16-bit unsigned integers |
| [ | | Absolute difference of two images |
| [ | | Adjust image intensity values or colormap |
| [ | | Bottom-hat filtering |
| [ | | Morphologically close image |
| [ | | Complement image |
| [ | | Dilate image |
| [ | | Erode image |
| [ | | Fill image regions and holes |
| [ | | N-D filtering of multidimensional images |
| [ | | Gradient magnitude and direction of an image |
| [ | | Directional gradients of an image |
| [ | | Histogram of image data |
| [ | | Linear combination of images |
| [ | | Add noise to image |
| [ | | Convert YCbCr color values to RGB color space |
| [ | | Morphologically open image |
| [ | | Morphological reconstruction |
| [ | | Estimate displacement field that aligns two 2-D or 3-D images |
| [ | | Resize image |
| [ | | Rotate image |
| [ | | Display image |
| [ | | Top-hat filtering |
| [ | | Inverse Radon transform |
| [ | | Convert matrix to grayscale image |
| [ | | Average or mean of matrix elements |
| [ | | 2-D median filtering |
| [ | | Normalized 2-D cross-correlation |
| [ | | Pad array |
| [ | | Radon transform |
| [ | | Measure properties of image regions |
| [ | | Convert RGB image or colormap to grayscale |
| [ | | Convert RGB color values to YCbCr color space |
| [ | | Standard deviation of matrix elements |
| [ | | Local standard deviation of image |
| [ | | Find limits to contrast stretch image |